@02ecde16 Not VC dimension and related measures? https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapnik%E2%80%93Chervonenkis_dimension
@ab7cf35b @02ecde16 imho: Scientific models are a bit different than ML models -- they are closer to generator programs than to classifiers or function approximators. If theories are closer to programs, they are better defined by Kolmogorov complexity; classifiers and function approximators are better defined (as mentioned) by VC dimension or Rademacher complexity... Theories also call each other recursively, like Maxwell's equations; another reason to consider them 'programs'.