Go fits best to your profile "mathematician that can code". 
You can learn it fast, and its a powerful and safe language. 

C has way more gotchas and its much more tedious to write larger applications in it than Go. Great for understanding how computers work but wouldn't recommend it for your use case.

I enjoy Rust most, it's package manager is great, there are tons of useful libraries and you can develop quality stuff in a very reasonable pace. But the learning curve is steeper than Go, not sure if you have the motivation/need for it. 

 Thanks for the reccomendation dude
 

 learning curve for a 4 year experienced Go programmer on Rust was nearly 2 months until i sorta almost understood lifecycle annotatations, and was able to write a servicable microservice for gRPC/Protobuf

on Go, concurrently, i was writing a tutorial how to do the same thing and it would take you a weekend to go through it really thoroughly and be able to instantly adapt it to any data architecture you had in mind 

 send the tutorial when I have pls