Knowing what dogs like to watch could help veterinarians assess their vision
A veterinary ophthalmologist wanted to determine factors, including age and vision, that influence a dog's interest in interacting with video content. Ultimately, the goal of the study, which launched two years ago, was to support development of more sensitive ways to assess canine vision -- something that has been sorely lacking in veterinary medicine. The study found that dogs are most engaged when watching videos that feature other animals.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240118170558.htm
Towards the quantum of sound
A team of scientists has succeeded in cooling traveling sound waves in wave-guides considerably further than has previously been possible using laser light. This achievement represents a significant move towards the ultimate goal of reaching the quantum ground state of sound in wave-guides. Unwanted noise generated by the acoustic waves at room temperature can be eliminated. This experimental approach both provides a deeper understanding of the transition from classical to quantum phenomena of sound and is relevant to quantum communication systems and future quantum technologies.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240118150744.htm
Self-powered sensor automatically harvests magnetic energy
Researchers have designed a self-powering, battery-free, energy-harvesting sensor. Using the framework they developed, they produced a temperature sensor that can harvest and store the energy from the magnetic field that exists in the open air around a wire.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240118150739.htm
Researchers create faster and cheaper way to print tiny metal structures with light
Researchers have developed a light-based means of printing nano-sized metal structures that is 480 times faster and 35 times cheaper than the current conventional method. It is a scalable solution that could transform a scientific field long reliant on technologies that are prohibitively expensive and slow. Their method is called superluminescent light projection (SLP).
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240118150728.htm
Lightest black hole or heaviest neutron star? MeerKAT uncovers a mysterious object in Milky Way
An international team of astronomers have found a new and unknown object in the Milky Way that is heavier than the heaviest neutron stars known and yet simultaneously lighter than the lightest black holes known.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240118150710.htm
Engineering a more elegant deep brain stimulation therapy for Parkinson's
A team of physicians, neuroscientists and engineers demonstrated two new strategies that use deep brain stimulation to improve the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. By simultaneously targeting two key brain structures and using a novel self-adjusting device, the team showed that they can efficiently target and improve disruptive symptoms caused by the movement disorder.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240118150318.htm
Scientists, farmers and managers work together to avoid the decline of the little bustard, an endangered steppe bird
The collaboration between scientists, farmers and managers is crucial to improve the protection of the little bustard, an endangered steppe-land bird in Spain due to human activity. The reduction of natural habitats, the increase in irrigation and the urbanization of the land have led to having less surface areas that guarantee the survival of this vulnerable species.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240118122243.htm
Physical processes can have hidden neural network-like abilities
A new study shows that the physics principle of 'nucleation' can perform complex calculations that rival a simple neural network. The work may suggest avenues for new ways to think about computation using the principles of physics.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240118122240.htm
Researchers pump brakes on 'blue acceleration' harming the world ocean
Protecting the world ocean against accelerating damage from human activities could be cheaper and take up less space than previously thought, new research has found.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240118122232.htm
Butterflies could lose spots as climate warms
Female meadow brown butterflies have fewer spots if they develop in warmer weather -- so climate change could make them less spotty, new research shows.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240118122229.htm
Machine learning method speeds up discovery of green energy materials
Researchers have developed a framework that uses machine learning to accelerate the search for new proton-conducting materials, that could potentially improve the efficiency of hydrogen fuel cells.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240118122224.htm
Light it up: Reimagining the optical diode effect
A research group has discovered significant nonreciprocal optical absorption of LiNiPO4, referred to as the optical diode effect, in which divalent nickel (Ni2+) ions are responsible for magnetism, by passing light at shortwave infrared wavelengths used in optical communications. Furthermore, they have uncovered that it is possible to switch the optical diode effect by applying a magnetic field. This is a step forward in the development of an innovative optical isolator that is more compact and can control light propagation, replacing the conventional optical isolators with complex structures.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240118122221.htm
Moon rocks with unique dust found
A research team has for the first time discovered anomalous meter-sized rocks on the lunar surface that are covered in dust and presumably exhibit unique properties -- such as magnetic anomalies. These findings help to understand the processes that form and change the lunar crust.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240118122218.htm
New treatment options for bloodstream infections
Study shows efficacy and safety of oral antibiotic therapy in the form of pills for Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections. Currently, infusions are the standard treatment.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240118122213.htm
DNA construction led to unexpected discovery of important cell function
Researchers have used DNA origami, the art of folding DNA into desired structures, to show how an important cell receptor can be activated in a previously unknown way. The result opens new avenues for understanding how the Notch signalling pathway works and how it is involved in several serious diseases.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240118122210.htm
Study reveals a universal pattern of brain wave frequencies
The six anatomical layers of the mammalian brain cortex show distinct patterns of electrical activity which are consistent throughout the entire cortex and across several animal species, including humans, a study has found.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240118122159.htm
Lighting the path: Exploring exciton binding energies in organic semiconductors
Organic semiconductors are materials that find applications in various electronic devices. Exciton binding energy is an important attribute that influences the behavior of these materials. Now, researchers have employed advanced spectroscopic techniques to accurately determine these energies for various organic semiconductor materials, with a high precision of 0.1 electron volts. Their study reveals unexpected correlations that are poised to shape the future of organic optoelectronics, influence design principles, and find potential applications in bio-related materials.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240118122156.htm
Unlocking the secrets of quasicrystal magnetism: Revealing a novel magnetic phase diagram
Non-Heisenberg-type approximant crystals have many interesting properties and are intriguing for researchers of condensed matter physics. However, their magnetic phase diagrams, which are crucial for realizing their potential, remain completely unknown. Now, a team of researchers has constructed the magnetic phase diagram of a non-Heisenberg Tsai-type 1/1 gold-gallium-terbium approximant crystal. This development marks a significant step forward for quasicrystal research and for the realization of magnetic refrigerators and spintronic devices.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240118122153.htm
New technique visualizes mechanical structure of the cell nucleus
The cell nucleus is considered to be the control center of vital cellular processes, but its material properties continue to puzzle scientists. An international research team has now developed a new technique that provides a previously unattainable view of the mechanical properties inside this control center. For the first time, it has been possible to visualize over time its peculiar dynamic structural features in living cells, which appear to be crucial for cell function.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240118122151.htm
Key factors in human-made earthquakes
Researchers report that the roughness of pre-existing faults and associated stress heterogeneity in geological reservoirs play a key role for causing human-made earthquakes, so-called runaway events. The study combines novel fluid injection experiments under acoustic monitoring performed in GFZ's geomechanical laboratory with numerical modelling results.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240118122148.htm
Despite intensive scientific analyses, this centaur head remains a mystery
For almost 200 years, archaeologists have been puzzled by a mysterious brown stain on the ancient Greek Parthenon temple in Greece. Now, researchers have conducted new scientific analyses, and their verdict is clear: The mystery remains.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240118122145.htm
Tackling antibiotic resistance when treating pneumonia
New research has been published that identifies positive steps towards a better understanding of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), specifically in hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP).
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240118122140.htm
Next-generation batteries could go organic, cobalt-free for long-lasting power
In the switch to 'greener' energy sources, the demand for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries is surging. However, their cathodes typically contain cobalt -- a metal whose extraction has high environmental and societal costs. Now, researchers in report evaluating an earth-abundant, carbon-based cathode material that could replace cobalt and other scarce and toxic metals without sacrificing lithium-ion battery performance.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240118122137.htm
Translating nuclear waste site data into microbial ecosystem insights
A flagship seven-year study that explores how environmental stresses influence different ecological processes shaping the composition and structure of microbial communities in groundwater has now been published.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240118122134.htm
'Exhalation' system improves symptoms for most common form of chronic sinus infections
An exhalation delivery system that uses a patient's own breath to carry the anti-inflammatory compound fluticasone (EDS-FLU) directly to the sinuses reduced chronic sinus infection (sinusitis) symptoms and decreased aggravations and infections associated with chronic inflammation of the sinus by more than 50 percent, researchers reported.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240118122129.htm
New potato-threatening pathogens reported for first time in Pennsylvania, US
As the home of many beloved snack companies, Pennsylvania values its potatoes. Tasty tubers across the state may face the threat of newly identified pathogen strains, though, according to researchers who made the finding and aim to develop management strategies.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240118122124.htm
Online reviews: Filter the fraud, but don't tell us how
When you try a new restaurant or book a hotel, do you consider the online reviews? Do you submit online reviews yourself? Do you pay attention if they are filtered and moderated? Does that impact your own online review submissions?
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240118122118.htm
Study with over 11,000 individuals of African descent finds genetic variants linked to glaucoma
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness around the globe, affecting up to 44 million people. Although people of African ancestry are most frequently and severely affected by this hereditary disease, its genetic underpinnings in this population have rarely been studied. Now, a team of investigators has published findings revealing previously unknown inherited genetic variants that contribute to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), the most common form of the disease.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240118122115.htm
Third major study finds evidence that daily multivitamin supplements improve memory and slow cognitive aging in older adults
Researchers tested the effects of a daily multivitamin on cognitive changes in a study of 573 participants with in-person visits in the COSMOS trial. The researchers also conducted a meta-analysis among over 5,000 non-overlapping participants across the three separate cognition studies within the COSMOS trial. Results showed a statistically significant benefit for cognition among participants taking the multi-vitamin compared to placebo, suggesting that a multi-vitamin could help prevent memory loss and slow cognitive aging among older adults.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240118122110.htm
New gut-brain circuits found for sugar and fat cravings
A new study has unraveled the internal neural wiring of separate fat and sugar craving pathways. However, combining these pathways overly triggers a desire to eat more than usual.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240118122107.htm
Ancient 'chewing gum' reveals stone age diet
What did people eat on the west coast of Scandinavia 10,000 years ago? A new study of the DNA in a chewing gum shows that deer, trout and hazelnuts were on the diet. It also shows that one of the individuals had severe problems with her teeth.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240118122104.htm
Cobalt-free batteries could power cars of the future
A new battery material could offer a more sustainable way to power electric cars. The lithium-ion battery includes a cathode based on organic materials, instead of cobalt or nickel.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240118122053.htm
HIV antibodies protect animals in proof-of-concept study
Three different HIV antibodies each independently protected monkeys from acquiring simian-HIV (SHIV) in a placebo-controlled proof-of-concept study intended to inform development of a preventive HIV vaccine for people. The antibodies -- a human broadly neutralizing antibody and two antibodies isolated from previously vaccinated monkeys -- target the fusion peptide, a site on an HIV surface protein that helps the virus fuse with and enter cells.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240117183756.htm
Study identifies new findings on implant positioning and stability during robotic-assisted knee revision surgery
An innovative study explores the use of robotic-assisted joint replacement in revision knee scenarios, comparing the pre- and post-revision implant positions in a series of revision total knee arthroplasties (TKA) using a state-of-the-art robotic arm system.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240117183753.htm
Nearly dead plants brought back to life: Keys to aging hidden in the leaves
Scientists have known about a particular organelle in plant cells for over a century. However, scientists have only now discovered that organelle's key role in aging.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240117183751.htm
Rain can spoil a wolf spider's day, too
Researchers found that wolf spiders can't signal others or perceive danger from predators as easily on rain-soaked leaves compared to dry ones. Even communicating with would-be mates is harder after it rains.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240117183748.htm
Astronomers detect oldest black hole ever observed
Researchers have discovered the oldest black hole ever observed, dating from the dawn of the universe, and found that it is 'eating' its host galaxy to death.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240117143935.htm
Chemists create a 2D heavy fermion
Researchers have synthesized the first 2D heavy fermion. The material, a layered intermetallic crystal composed of cerium, silicon, and iodine (CeSiI), has electrons that are 1000x heavier and is a new platform to explore quantum phenomena.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240117143932.htm
Therapy versus medication: Comparing treatments for depression in heart disease
New research shows that behavioral activation therapy is as effective as antidepressant medications in treating symptoms of depression in patients with heart failure.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240117143926.htm
Higher measurement accuracy opens new window to the quantum world
A team has developed a new measurement method that, for the first time, accurately detects tiny temperature differences in the range of 100 microkelvin in the thermal Hall effect. Previously, these temperature differences could not be measured quantitatively due to thermal noise. Using the well-known terbium titanate as an example, the team demonstrated that the method delivers highly reliable results. The thermal Hall effect provides information about coherent multi-particle states in quantum materials, based on their interaction with lattice vibrations (phonons).
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240117143916.htm
Climate change isn't producing expected increase in atmospheric moisture over dry regions
The warming climate has not lead to an expected increase in atmospheric moisture over arid and semi-arid regions of the world. The finding, which has surprised scientists, indicates that some regions may be even more vulnerable to future wildfires and extreme heat than projected.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240117143914.htm
The metalens meets the stars
Researchers have developed a 10-centimeter-diameter glass metalens that can image the sun, the moon and distant nebulae with high resolution. It is the first all-glass, large-scale metalens in the visible wavelength that can be mass produced using conventional CMOS fabrication technology.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240117143908.htm
Ultrafast laser pulses could lessen data storage energy needs
A discovery from an experiment with magnetic materials and ultrafast lasers could be a boon to energy-efficient data storage.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240117143842.htm
Study throws our understanding of gene regulation for a loop
To function properly, the genetic material is highly organized into loop structures that often bring together widely separated sections of the genome critical to the regulation of gene activity. Scientists now address how these loops can help repress or silence gene activity, with potentially far-reaching effects on human health.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240117143833.htm
Machine learning reveals sources of heterogeneity among cells in our bodies
A team of scientists discovered the secrets of cell variability in our bodies. The findings of this research are expected to have far-reaching effects, such as improvement in the efficacy of chemotherapy treatments, or set a new paradigm in the study of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240117143826.htm
Males of newly described Australian burrowing scorpions have a big tail to tell
A study has found some surprising features in two new species of burrowing scorpions, including a very strangely shaped 'tail tip' and some 'sexy' anatomy features. Terrestrial biologists have taken a closer look at two new species of the mysterious Urodacus genus of burrowing scorpions endemic to Australia -- only to find a big difference in their tails compared to other species.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240117143819.htm
A new targeted treatment calms the cytokine storm
Researchers have discovered a novel treatment to relieve cytokine release syndrome (CRS), a life-threatening inflammation triggered by a serious infection or severe burn. Treatment with a short-acting antibody reduces the inflammatory effects of interleukin-6, a key cytokine in CRS while avoiding the side effects associated with previous longer-acting therapies.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240117143817.htm
Older adults who exercise with their spouse may be less physically active than those who exercise individually
A study has found that older adults who exercise with their spouse achieve lower physical activity levels than older adults without their spouse. In a study of 240 participants in Singapore aged 54 to 72 years old, the researchers also found that those who received personalized feedback on their fitness trackers were more active than those who did not.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240117143803.htm
Perfecting 3D-printed blood vessels with pores
Due to the substantial clinical demand for artificial small-diameter vessels (SDVs), numerous commercial products have emerged. However, the majority of existing artificial SDVs lack an endothelial layer, leading to thrombosis. Fabricating artificial SDVs with a consistently uniform endothelial layer and adequate mechanical properties has proven exceptionally challenging. A research team has now induced spontaneous cell assembly and endothelialization through internal pores.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240117143801.htm
Pushing the boundaries of ultrasound imaging: Breaking new ground with ultrafast technology
Researchers have achieved a successful contrast agent-free imaging of complex structure of kidney vessels.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240117143759.htm
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