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 I wanted to use a few images from a 1940 Popular Science article on comics. (This remains under copyright until 2036.) The licensing people said $3,240 to use in a book. I said, this is a modest circulation book and I want to use just a fraction of the article. The response: there’s no adjustment in the rate for any reason, including whether you reprint the whole article or not.

And that is why people hate copyright terms.

Do I have a fair-use stance to make? Possibly. Will I? ???? 
 @bb1a99d2 I frequently use segments of articles and illustrations in my historical writing, on the basis that I am making valid criticism of the material presented. I feel like this would be fair use. On the other hand, I am not your lawyer, and I was not writing a book that would be sold! 
 @bb1a99d2 The license needs to be that much to incentivize the artist to continue creating. 
 Related: fair use just means you could make a defense if sued. It doesn’t mean you won’t be sued; we have no affirmative-filing fair-use system, though there are some experiments at the USPTO. 
 A follow-up! I found a reference online that suggested Popular Science had failed to file the then-required copyright renewal for its magazines. The U of Penn has digitized all the renewal books, the official source. For 1940, there would need to be a +28 renewal (could be 67, 68, or 69). No renewals for any issues any year. Suck up, PopSci, those are in the public domain.