Yes, the VPS is paid for anonymously via prepaid debit card and is tied to an anonymous email account. The primary problem in both situations is that the VPN endpoint knows your real origination IP address. With a dedicated VPS that isn't being shared with a large number of people doing naughty things, you're far less likely to draw scrutiny from authorities.
https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/22670252-1763_001 go to page 2 of this 21st September 2022 letter from Sen. Ron Wyden's office "The Defence Counterintelligence and Security Agency spent more than $2 million purchasing access to netflow data" from Team Cymru "Public contracting records that the Augury tool provides access to "petabytes" of network data"from 500 collection points worldwide" and "is updated with at least 100 billion new records each day" " These endpoints ARE located between wherever you are located and your VPS.