@531f5a72 Ah that's interesting - bit of pain but I might give that a go. Partitioning in half didn't work - one half gave same errors as before, other half gives odd App Store type download failure errors. I wonder if there are TWO issues going on here, faulty drive AND something with certificates.
@f1ee7a25 I'm wondering whether it might be bad piece of RAM, or possibly a mainboard issue.You could try installing Ubuntu on it, see whether their hardware diags report anything. Linux tends to be more transparent than macOS about what state the hardware is in.
@531f5a72 Oh that's a thought! Thank you, I'll have one more crack at installing MacOS from an external drive then look at that.
@f1ee7a25 Don't forget, be booted from the external to install.