Interesting article - https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/sep/26/europe-right-research-left-voting-data-julia-cage-thomas-piketty

"Over the past few years, the view has taken hold that the working classes have entirely abandoned the left....

"We show, however, that first: not only is this working-class switch away from the left not the case, but it has never been the case...

"The (often intentional) confusion comes from the fact that commentators tend to associate the working classes only with blue-collar manufacturing workers, forgetting that the average wage of supermarket cashiers, restaurant staff, cleaners, care workers and other service industry employees has fallen below that of manufacturing workers for several decades now.

"In other words, the French political landscape can be described as follows: low-income urban voters, who tend to be mainly service industry employees and tenants, vote predominantly for the left, while working-class voters outside the main cities, who are mainly blue-collar workers and homeowners, are more likely to vote for parties of the far right."

Worth thinking about this in relation to the MAGA and 'Red Wall' phenomena in the US and UK.

In particular, note the distinction between tenants (who vote left) and blue-collar homeowners (who are more likely to vote far right) - a reminder that for Marx it was asset-ownership, not type of occupation, that was the key determinant of social class.