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 Tier 1 ISP's are the Internet backbone, they transit the most traffic and have the most connections.

Think HE, Cogent etc 
 But where is/ what is the fountain head of "the internet" ? 
 They are the source of the internet 
 Ok and what is it that source exactly?  A server farm or triplets having visions in a tub of lube?  
 Huge datacentres and many routers on multiple continents. Add to this the under water optic cables and you got the internet 
 There is no source it's just a bunch of companies who are connected together to form the Internet.
 
Then you also have ARIN/RIPE/APNIC these organisations control the allocation of Internet numbers in each region.