Tier 1 ISP's are the Internet backbone, they transit the most traffic and have the most connections.
Think HE, Cogent etc
But where is/ what is the fountain head of "the internet" ?
They are the source of the internet
Ok and what is it that source exactly? A server farm or triplets having visions in a tub of lube?
Huge datacentres and many routers on multiple continents. Add to this the under water optic cables and you got the internet
There is no source it's just a bunch of companies who are connected together to form the Internet.
Then you also have ARIN/RIPE/APNIC these organisations control the allocation of Internet numbers in each region.