I think in court if there is public information of the product before the trademark, then the trademark is not valid. That is why when developing patents you have to be secretive and be careful with sharing data prior to patenting
i don't think there's a thing as prior art for trademarks,like for patents, it might well be "whoever registers first"
there is if it is active use
trademark law is different to patent law as you can use a name for how long as long as you want before registration, and you still have some rights
there is also blockclockapp.com, which was registered before Coinkite’s “blockclock” trademark, and that alongside the DIY Bitcoin Block Clock will most likely render their trademark invalid