Oddbean new post about login | logout "Layer count depends on projected bandwidth & compute, both rising rapidly, which means single layer network [e.g. Bitcoin alone] can carry all human transactions in future imo," Musk said. That was from 2021. https://blockchain.news/news/elon-musk-lightning-network-needed-to-fix-scalability-problem-in-bitcoin-network
Sorry this was the quote... “Bitcoin hashing (aka mining) energy usage is starting to exceed that of medium-sized countries. Almost impossible for small hashers to succeed without those massive economies of scale. For now, Lightning is needed,”