Well, we have Tor, which is battle-tested and almost usable. Scalable, at least.
I was going to mention Tor but I wonder how many exit nodes are also known. It's gotten much better after they implemented PoW
tor sucks on nostr because the major relays are using cloudflare
AFAIK Cloudflare is only anti-Tor in the default config. I understand it is trivial to turn off the Tor aversity in the Cloudflare account. But is an opt-out feature and most people don't bother. They will.
All Tor exit nodes are known and the real-time list can be downloaded by anyone at any time. (this is by design and is a great feature to protect exit node operators)