**Identifying biosecurity to prevent chronic wasting disease transmission among deer populations**
As chronic wasting disease (CWD) ravaged deer populations across the country in recent years, studies have primarily focused on how CWD can jump from farmed herds to wild deer, with little attention given to how transmission may occur from wild deer to those living on farms.
https://phys.org/news/2023-10-biosecurity-chronic-disease-transmission-deer.html
**Q&A: New lymphedema-on-chip platform holds promise**
In a new PNAS study co-authored by Boston University biomedical engineer Dr. Chris Chen, researchers say they're getting closer to understanding the mysteries of lymphedema—a condition characterized by the buildup of fluid in the body due to a malfunctioning lymphatic system. Until now, the reasons behind this disorder have remained elusive.
https://phys.org/news/2023-10-qa-lymphedema-on-chip-platform.html
**New pipeline makes valuable organic acid from plants—saving money and emissions**
In a breakthrough for environmentally friendly chemical production, researchers at the Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation (CABBI) have developed an economical way to make succinic acid, an important industrial chemical, from sugarcane.
https://phys.org/news/2023-10-pipeline-valuable-acid-plantssaving-money.html
**Lobbying or green innovation? Which protects firms from climate change risk?**
Innovation of green technology to meet climate challenges mitigates companies' environmental political risk in the long-term as compared with intensive government lobbying designed to dilute or stymie emission reduction policies, a QUT study has found.
https://phys.org/news/2023-10-lobbying-green-firms-climate.html
**Moving toward fair and sustainable futures beyond mining**
Mining brings huge social and environmental change to communities: landscapes, livelihoods and social fabric evolve alongside the industry. But what happens when the mines close? What problems face communities that lose their main employer and the very core of their identity and social networks?
https://phys.org/news/2023-10-fair-sustainable-futures.html
**International study characterizes diversity of bees in apple orchards across the globe**
By carrying pollen from flower to flower, pollinator insects play an essential role in the reproductive cycle of flowering plants. Bees do more of it than any other, both here in Canada and around the world.
https://phys.org/news/2023-10-international-characterizes-diversity-bees-apple.html
**SpaceX launches 69th orbital flight of the year with Canaveral liftoff**
A SpaceX Falcon 9 took off for the 39th time from Cape Canaveral this year, marking the 49th SpaceX flight from the Space Coast and 69th orbital mission among all of its launch sites.
https://phys.org/news/2023-10-spacex-69th-orbital-flight-year.html
**DNA from discarded whale bones suggests loss of genetic diversity due to commercial whaling**
Commercial whaling in the 20th century decimated populations of large whales but also appears to have had a lasting impact on the genetic diversity of today's surviving whales, new research from Oregon State University shows.
https://phys.org/news/2023-10-dna-discarded-whale-bones-loss.html
**Simulations reveal the atomic-scale story of qubits**
Researchers led by Giulia Galli at University of Chicago's Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering report a computational study that predicts the conditions to create specific spin defects in silicon carbide. Their findings, published online in Nature Communications, represent an important step towards identifying fabrication parameters for spin defects useful for quantum technologies.
https://phys.org/news/2023-10-simulations-reveal-atomic-scale-story-qubits.html
**Study sheds new light on how soil viruses behave and interact with bacteria**
Viruses in soil may not be as destructive to bacteria as once thought and could instead act like lawnmowers, culling older cells and giving space for new growth, according to research out of the University of California, Davis, published Sept. 28 in the journal Nature Ecology and Evolution.
https://phys.org/news/2023-10-soil-viruses-interact-bacteria.html
**Organizing can give tenants power to effect change**
A renter doesn't generally hold much sway with a landlord or management company, but when tenants organize, their power can be formidable.
https://phys.org/news/2023-10-tenants-power-effect.html
**Scientists investigate Grand Canyon's ancient past to predict future climate impacts**
The Grand Canyon's valleys and millions of years of rock layers spanning Earth's history have earned it a designation as one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World. But, according to a new UNLV study, its marvels extend to vast cave systems that lie beneath the surface, which just might hold clues to better understand the future of climate change—by studying nature's past.
https://phys.org/news/2023-10-scientists-grand-canyon-ancient-future.html
**Desperate to rid California of invasive deer, officials propose bold helicopter hunt**
A plan to use helicopter-mounted sharpshooters to kill nearly 2,000 invasive mule deer roaming the mountains of Santa Catalina Island has ignited a storm of protest among residents of the popular resort destination and prompted calls for state wildlife officials to block the hunt.
https://phys.org/news/2023-10-desperate-california-invasive-deer-bold.html
**Data-driven regional ocean models essential for planning, shows Red Sea study**
By incorporating fine-grained regional data with a high-resolution ocean model, KAUST researchers have developed the first precise historical reconstruction of the Red Sea circulation. The resulting reanalysis reveals new characteristics of current circulation, temperature, salinity and oceanic behavior that are not evident in the coarser standard global ocean analyses.
https://phys.org/news/2023-10-data-driven-regional-ocean-essential-red.html
**Study on mysterious Amazon porcupine can help its protection**
Porcupines of the genus Coendou are arboreal, herbivorous, nocturnal rodents distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas. Most of what we currently know on them is restricted to species that occur near urban areas, and we still have a lot to learn about these fascinating animals.
https://phys.org/news/2023-10-mysterious-amazon-porcupine.html
**Scientists use Webb, SOFIA telescopes to observe metallic asteroid**
Southwest Research Institute scientists are using telescopes to observe the asteroid Psyche in the infrared, providing context for NASA's upcoming Psyche mission. Dr. Stephanie Jarmak is using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to look for water signatures on the metallic surface of Psyche, while Dr. Anicia Arredondo is using some of the last data collected by the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, or SOFIA, to study differences in Psyche's composition at different points on its surface.
https://phys.org/news/2023-10-scientists-webb-sofia-telescopes-metallic.html
**Research: Electrons in a strange metal world**
Imagine a flock of birds as they wheel across the sky: surging into a mass, flowing into ribbons that twist and turn again into fantastic shapes. If you follow one bird within the flock, you can describe its actions, the way it flaps its wings or uses its tail to brake. Yet, even if you could minutely account for the behavior of each individual bird, the shapes and patterns of their collective flight would still evade understanding.
https://phys.org/news/2023-10-electrons-strange-metal-world.html
**Researchers: Forensic science method for firearm identification is flawed**
Like fingerprints, a firearm's discarded shell casings have unique markings. This allows forensic experts to compare casings from a crime scene with those from a suspect's gun. Finding and reporting a mismatch can help free the innocent, just as a match can incriminate the guilty.
https://phys.org/news/2023-10-forensic-science-method-firearm-identification.html
**Researchers discover promising treatment to combat hospital superbug**
Cal State Fullerton antibiotic-resistance researcher María Soledad Ramírez and her students have discovered a promising new therapeutic to treat Acinetobacter baumannii, a superbug commonly found in hospitals and resistant to many antibiotics.
https://phys.org/news/2023-10-treatment-combat-hospital-superbug.html
**Study pinpoints cold adaptations in nervous system of Antarctic octopus**
Laden with dissolved salt, Antarctic waters can hover just above freezing and even dip below it. Temperatures this low would likely kill the animals that prosper in warmer waters further north. Yet, some creatures have found ways to live in this inhospitable cold.
https://phys.org/news/2023-10-cold-nervous-antarctic-octopus.html
**Not the usual suspects: New interactive lineup boosts eyewitness accuracy**
Allowing eyewitnesses to dynamically explore digital faces using a new interactive procedure can significantly improve identification accuracy compared to the video lineup and photo array procedures used by police worldwide, a new study reveals.
https://phys.org/news/2023-10-usual-interactive-lineup-boosts-eyewitness.html
**How new plant cell walls change their mechanical properties after cell division**
Scientists have revealed new plant cell walls can have significantly different mechanical properties compared to surrounding parental cell walls, enabling cells to change their local shape and influence the growth of plant organs.
https://phys.org/news/2023-10-cell-walls-mechanical-properties-division.html
**Study employs deep learning to explain extreme events**
Identifying the underlying cause of extreme events such as floods, heavy downpours or tornados is immensely difficult and can take a concerted effort by scientists over several decades to arrive at feasible physical explanations.
https://phys.org/news/2023-10-employs-deep-extreme-events.html
**Pheromones found to influence death feigning behavior in beetles**
Predation is a driving force in the evolution of anti-predator strategies, and death feigning, characterized by immobility in response to threats, is a common defensive mechanism across various animal species. While this behavior can enhance an individual's survival prospects by reducing a predator's interest, it also carries costs, such as limited opportunities for feeding and reproduction.
https://phys.org/news/2023-10-pheromones-death-feigning-behavior-beetles.html
**Q&A: New tool supports private industry in minimizing impacts to nature's services**
Companies and investors are increasingly considering, and measuring, the impacts of their business activities on nature, or "natural capital" (the world's stock of natural assets like air, water, soil, and biodiversity). This includes how impacts to ecosystem services, the benefits nature provides to people, create risks—and opportunities—for their businesses and clients.
https://phys.org/news/2023-10-qa-tool-private-industry-minimizing.html
**Q&A: Teaching in the age of artificial intelligence and content-generation software**
In late August, KPMG published a survey of 5,141 Canadian adult students, just over half of whom (52%) admitted to using generative artificial intelligence (AI) in their work, even when taking tests.
https://phys.org/news/2023-10-qa-age-artificial-intelligence-content-generation.html
**How to slow climate change: Three wide-scale efforts could make the difference**
With the 2023 United Nations Climate Change Conference just nine weeks away, countries will soon take stock of their progress in the worldwide effort to slow and adapt to global warming. Better known as COP28, the conference offers the chance for countries to meet and coordinate their climate-mitigating pledges, like achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 or peak emissions by 2030.
https://phys.org/news/2023-10-climate-wide-scale-efforts-difference.html
**Research reveals how a single enzyme can boost soybean oil production**
As a potent source of protein and oil, soybeans are a vital global crop for food, animal feed, industrial applications, and biofuel production. Even minor improvements in soybean seed content can therefore have far-reaching implications for agricultural productivity and global economies.
https://phys.org/news/2023-10-reveals-enzyme-boost-soybean-oil.html
**Dense measurement network reveals high level of PM2.5 in Punjab due to crop residue burning**
A group of international collaborators led by the Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN) team performed the first quantitative study of air pollution in the north-western India region using 29 low-cost and reliable instruments, demonstrating the advantages of source region observations to link crop residue burning (CRB) and air pollution at local to regional scales. The group published their findings in Scientific Reports.
https://phys.org/news/2023-10-dense-network-reveals-high-pm25.html
**Mismatch between expected and actual nutritional value is key driver behind negative reviews of online grocery sites**
Online grocery shopping has become more popular since the COVID-19 pandemic. Sales from online food retail in the United States are projected to grow from 9.5% of total food commerce in 2020 to 20.5% in 2026. Given this, consumer reviews of grocery products have also become more important in shaping buying behavior.
https://phys.org/news/2023-10-mismatch-actual-nutritional-key-driver.html
**Antimatter: We cracked how gravity affects it. What it means for our understanding of the universe**
A substance called antimatter is at the heart of one of the greatest mysteries of the universe. We know that every particle has an antimatter companion that is virtually identical to itself, but with the opposite charge. When a particle and its antiparticle meet, they annihilate each other—disappearing in a burst of light.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-antimatter-gravity-affects-universe.html
**Indian spacecraft heads towards center of solar system**
India's sun-monitoring spacecraft has crossed a landmark point on its journey to escape "the sphere of Earth's influence", its space agency said, days after the disappointment of its moon rover failing to awaken.
https://phys.org/news/2023-10-indian-spacecraft-center-solar.html
**India's private space sector skyrockets**
When Indian entrepreneur Awais Ahmed founded his satellite startup in Bangalore in 2019, his country was still a year away from opening the space industry to the private sector.
https://phys.org/news/2023-10-india-private-space-sector-skyrockets.html
**Metaphors for human fertilization are evolving, study shows**
In a common metaphor used to describe human fertilization, sperm cells are competitors racing to penetrate a passive egg. But as critics have noted, the description is also a "fairy tale," rooted in cultural beliefs about masculinity and femininity.
https://phys.org/news/2023-10-metaphors-human-fertilization-evolving.html
**Drought drains Brazilian Amazon residents reliant on waterways**
Not far from the emblematic site where the black waters of the Rio Negro join the brown currents of the Solimoes, two chief tributaries of the Amazon, what once was a lake has given way to a vast stretch of cracked mud.
https://phys.org/news/2023-10-drought-brazilian-amazon-residents-reliant.html
**Crossing glaciers and fjords: Norwegian reindeer migrate for winter**
A herd of reindeer with white, brown or gray coats climb mountains and swim between glaciers on their great migration to their winter pasture in Norway's far north.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-glaciers-fjords-norwegian-reindeer-migrate.html
**Mysterious antimatter observed falling down for first time**
For the first time, scientists have observed antimatter particles—the mysterious twins of the visible matter all around us—falling downwards due to the effect of gravity, Europe's physics lab CERN announced on Wednesday.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-mysterious-antimatter-falling.html
**Separating molecules requires a lot of energy. This nanoporous, heat-resistant membrane could change that**
Industry has long relied upon energy-intensive processes, such as distillation and crystallization, to separate molecules that ultimately serve as ingredients in medicine, chemicals and other products.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-molecules-requires-lot-energy-nanoporous.html
**World's biggest bat colony gathers in Zambia every year. Researchers used artificial intelligence to count them**
Everybody who visits Kasanka National Park in Zambia during "bat season" agrees that the evening emergence of African straw-colored fruit bats from their roost site is one of the wildlife wonders of the world. The bats (Eidolon helvum) arrive at Kasanka every year around October. The numbers swell rapidly until they peak in November. By January they are gone again.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-world-biggest-colony-zambia-year.html
**Earthworms contribute to 6.5% of world grain production: study**
Most gardeners know that earthworms help keep soils healthy, now scientists have assessed just how important their underground activities are to global food production—and how to protect them.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-earthworms-contribute-world-grain-production.html
**Saturday Citations: Volcano vs. asteroid; NASA's supernova time lapse; immortal chemicals**
This week, we're highlighting a study involving toxic chemical contaminants, and just for fun, a second study involving other toxic chemical contaminants. But NASA made a cool time-lapse video using the good old Hubble space telescope, and a group of Italian demographers have a lot to say about the population-level consequences of lying.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-saturday-citations-volcano-asteroid-nasa.html
**Video provides first clear views of WWII aircraft carriers lost in the pivotal Battle of Midway**
Footage from deep in the Pacific Ocean has given the first detailed look at three World War II aircraft carriers that sank in the pivotal Battle of Midway and could help solve mysteries about the days-long barrage that marked a shift in control of the Pacific theater from Japanese to U.S. forces.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-video-views-wwii-aircraft-carriers.html
**Scientists discover a durable but sensitive material for high energy X-ray detection**
X-ray technology plays a vital role in medicine and scientific research, providing non-invasive medical imaging and insight into materials. Recent advancements in X-ray technology enable brighter, more intense beams and imaging of increasingly intricate systems in real-world conditions, like the insides of operating batteries.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-scientists-durable-sensitive-material-high.html
**Reducing fishing gear could save whales with low impacts to California's crab fishermen**
Sometimes simple solutions are better. It all depends on the nature of the problem. For humpback whales, the problem is the rope connecting a crab trap on the seafloor to the buoy on the surface. And for fishermen, it's fishery closures caused by whale entanglements.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-fishing-gear-whales-impacts-california.html
**Endangered red wolf can make it in the wild, but not without 'significant' help, study says**
The endangered red wolf can survive in the wild, but only with "significant additional management intervention," according to a long-awaited population viability analysis released Friday.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-endangered-red-wolf-wild-significant.html
**Q&A: Seeing coastal storm impacts in advance can help communities prepare**
Knowing the potential dangers posed by storm surge and high winds before a storm hits can help coastal communities and emergency responders prepare. Visualizations showing projected storm impacts can make the complex science behind the projections easy to understand and immediately available to individuals in the storm's path, according to Peter Stempel, associate professor of landscape architecture.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-qa-coastal-storm-impacts-advance.html
**Striking rare gold: Researchers unveil new material infused with gold in an exotic chemical state**
For the first time, Stanford researchers have found a way to create and stabilize an extremely rare form of gold that has lost two negatively charged electrons, denoted Au2+. The material stabilizing this elusive version of the valued element is a halide perovskite—a class of crystalline materials that holds great promise for various applications including more-efficient solar cells, light sources, and electronics components.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-rare-gold-unveil-material-infused.html
**Timing plant evolution with a fast-ticking epigenetic clock**
Recent discoveries in the field of epigenetics, the study of inheritance of traits that occur without changing the DNA sequence, have shown that chronological age in mammals correlates with epigenetic changes that accumulate during the lifetime of an individual.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-evolution-fast-ticking-epigenetic-clock.html
**European countries smash September temperature records**
Austria, France, Germany, Poland and Switzerland announced their hottest Septembers on record on Friday, in a year expected to be the warmest in human history as climate change accelerates.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-european-countries-september-temperature.html
**Do you criticize or celebrate your colleagues? It may depend on your social position**
Online technology is fundamentally reshaping employee evaluations. In the last decade or so, companies such as IBM, Amazon, and General Electric have adopted performance feedback apps that allow employees to "review" one another in real time. These apps take the 360-degree paradigm to its logical extreme by removing temporal, hierarchical, and geographical barriers to feedback.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-criticize-celebrate-colleagues-social-position.html
**Shaping positive STEM identity for student success**
Data show that students who have a strong science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) identity are more likely to take STEM courses and persist to the academic finish line––graduation. Positive STEM identity is multifaceted, but at the core, it is the sense that one "belongs" in STEM and can succeed in STEM. A person with strong STEM identity tends to feel confident of the following:
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-positive-stem-identity-student-success.html
**Ancient plant wax reveals how global warming affects methane in Arctic lakes**
By studying fossils from ancient aquatic plants, Northwestern University and University of Wyoming (UW) researchers are gaining a better understanding of how methane produced in Arctic lakes might affect—and be affected by—climate change.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-ancient-wax-reveals-global-affects.html
**Testing, testing, testing: How researchers make sure the LSST Camera is the best it can be**
Building the world's largest digital camera ever made for astronomy, the Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time Camera, is no simple task—that much is obvious.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-lsst-camera.html
**New UK report shows voters prioritize respect**
Authored by Professor Marc Stears (UCL Political Science) and Luke Tryl, Director of More in Common, The Respect Agenda finds that much of the public feel their concerns are overlooked. Many are frustrated by how those in power seem indifferent to workers' views—particularly those without degrees. It finds also that these issues have been building for some time and are a barrier to tackling the challenges facing the country.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-uk-voters-prioritize-respect.html
**Dangerous chemicals found in South Carolina's fish, crabs and oysters. Here's what we know**
Chemicals that can make people sick have recently been found in fish, crabs and oysters in South Carolina as concerns grow about the threat the toxins pose to food and water across the Palmetto State.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-dangerous-chemicals-south-carolina-fish.html
**In Shawnee National Forest, a debate swirls around how to best protect trees amid climate change and wildfires**
The Shawnee National Forest in southern Illinois is a mosaic of towering trees, lush wetlands and commanding rock formations that are the native habitat for a wealth of plants and animals, including 19 species of oaks.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-shawnee-national-forest-debate-swirls.html
**Is California's wildfire season finally over? Don't bet on it, experts say**
California has entered fall amid notably moist conditions that have left some wondering whether this year's fire season has officially fizzled.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-california-wildfire-season-dont-experts.html
**Innovation increasingly led by collaborative teams, not individual pioneers: Study**
Is disruption decreasing, or is it accelerating? That depends. With the exponential growth in scientific publications, the chance that an individual scientist might be highly disruptive in their field is decreasing. Collectively, however, the overall level of disruption in science—the influence of new findings that tend to overtake previous understandings—is as strong or stronger than it was fifty years ago. In other words, the world of science is as disruptive as ever, even if each individual's place in that expanding world is shrinking.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-collaborative-teams-individual.html
**How do consumers make online shopping choices? The mouse may hold the answer**
Consumers are not always predictable when it comes to choosing products online—a concept that lies at the core of Cornell's latest research in consumer psychology.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-consumers-online-choices-mouse.html
**Hydroelectric power plants in Brazil threaten turtles that depend on rapids, study warns**
New research shows that the construction of new hydroelectric power plants in Brazil's South region could have an impact on more than 30% of the habitat of Phrynops williamsi, the Williams' side-necked turtle. The species occurs only in areas of Atlantic Rainforest and Pampa (the grassland biome adjacent to Brazil's border with Uruguay and Argentina), and is classed as "Vulnerable" (facing a high risk of extinction) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-hydroelectric-power-brazil-threaten-turtles.html
**New metamaterial-based strategy to combine and transmit multiple light modes**
The past few years have seen a massive surge in the amount of data transferred and processed per second. Rapidly emerging technologies, such as high-dimensional quantum communications, large-scale neural networks, and high-capacity networks, require large bandwidths and high data transfer speeds. One plausible way to achieve them is by replacing the conventional metallic wires between the components in an electronic system with optical interconnects, i.e., using light instead of electricity to establish channels for data transfer.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-metamaterial-based-strategy-combine-transmit-multiple.html
**New double z-scheme photocatalyst for selective removal of sulfamethoxazole in water**
In a new study published in Environmental Science and Ecotechnology, researchers from Harbin Institute of Technology, have developed a novel double Z-scheme photocatalyst, called the molecularly imprinted TiO2@Fe2O3@g-C3N4 (MFTC) composite, that selectively removes SMX from water.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-z-scheme-photocatalyst-sulfamethoxazole.html
**Diesel exhaust gases found to harm insects: Animal ecologists study the effects on bumblebees for the first time**
The decline of insects threatens many ecosystems worldwide. While the effects of pesticides are well researched, there has been a lack of knowledge about the effects of other anthropogenic pollutants. Animal ecologists at the University of Bayreuth have now studied the effects of diesel exhaust particles on bumblebees for the first time.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-diesel-exhaust-gases-insects-animal.html
**Polar experiments reveal seasonal cycle in Antarctic sea ice algae**
In the frigid waters surrounding Antarctica, an unusual seasonal cycle occurs. During winter, from March to October, the sun barely rises. As seawater freezes it rejects salts, creating pockets of extra-salty brine where microbes live in winter. In summer, the sea ice melts under constant daylight, producing warmer, fresher water at the surface.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-polar-reveal-seasonal-antarctic-sea.html
**Are US teenagers more likely than others to exaggerate their math abilities? Study says yes**
A major new study has revealed that American teenagers are more likely than any other nationality to brag about their math ability.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-teenagers-exaggerate-math-abilities.html
**New study finds most communities will encounter heavy rainfall, excessive heat under climate change**
Earth's land masses have a higher chance of becoming wetter than drier as temperatures rise. In a new study, researchers found that co-occurring precipitation and heat extremes will become more frequent, severe and widespread under climate change, more so than dry and hot conditions.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-communities-encounter-heavy-rainfall-excessive.html
**NASA announces summer 2023 hottest on record**
Summer of 2023 was Earth's hottest since global records began in 1880, according to scientists at NASA's Goddard Institute of Space Studies (GISS) in New York.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-nasa-summer-hottest.html
**Melting ice likely triggered climate change 8,000+ years ago**
Using geological samples from the Ythan Estuary in Scotland, scientists have identified a melting ice sheet as the probable trigger of a major climate-change event just over 8,000 years ago.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-ice-triggered-climate-years.html
**New analysis sheds light on mystery of turtle remains found in a Roman Iron Age grave in Poland**
The remains of a European pond turtle found in an ancient grave in northern Poland could shed new light on the Wielbark culture, a Roman Iron Age culture associated with Gothic and other Germanic peoples who lived in the Barbaricum (that is, outside the Roman Empire) between the 1st and 5th century AD.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-analysis-mystery-turtle-roman-iron.html
**Examining the intriguing details of collisions at extreme energies**
The initial phases of heavy-ion collisions occurring at the maximum energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider continue to remain an enigma of modern nuclear physics. New theoretical tools improved by physicists from the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Cracow will help to unlock this mystery.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-intriguing-collisions-extreme-energies.html
**Researchers use carbon capture and utilization technology to recycle industrial carbon dioxide**
Climate change is a serious concern that needs to be prioritized globally. Nations across the globe are drafting policies to reduce the impact of global warming and climate change. For instance, the European Union has recommended a comprehensive set of guidelines to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. Likewise, the European Green Deal puts heavy emphasis on reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-carbon-capture-technology-recycle-industrial.html
**Stretching the truth: New research reveals negative effects of exaggerative political statements**
Justifying policies through unsubstantiated or slightly invalid arguments can have a significantly negative effect on the public opinion of politicians, according to new research from City, University of London.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-truth-reveals-negative-effects-exaggerative.html
**Q&A: New tool can reveal inequitable distribution of 'healing' green spaces**
Areas in Vancouver with the greatest need for restorative nature often have the least exposure to it, according to a new UBC study published recently in Ambio. These neighborhoods include Strathcona, downtown Vancouver, the West End, southern Sunset and Marpole.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-qa-tool-reveal-inequitable-green.html
**Scientists uncover mystery of important material for semiconductors at the surface**
A team of scientists with the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory has investigated the behavior of hafnium oxide, or hafnia, because of its potential for use in novel semiconductor applications.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-scientists-uncover-mystery-important-material.html
**Webb snaps supersonic outflow of young star**
NASA's James Webb Space Telescope has captured a high-resolution look at Herbig-Haro 211 (HH 211), a bipolar jet traveling through interstellar space at supersonic speeds. At roughly 1,000 light-years away from Earth in the constellation Perseus, the object is one of the youngest and nearest protostellar outflows, making it an ideal target for Webb.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-webb-snaps-supersonic-outflow-young.html
**New poll shows 77% of Massachusetts residents support $600 child and family tax credit**
New polling data released late last week shows 77% of surveyed Massachusetts residents support a $600 state Child and Family Tax Credit. This polling confirms the popularity of the more generous Child and Family Tax Credit included in the House tax package, which is under consideration alongside the Senate tax bill by a bicameral conference committee.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-poll-massachusetts-residents-child-family.html
**New teaching aid taking the awkwardness out of sex education**
A new, anatomically accurate, pull-apart model of the vulva is providing accessible education on a topic that's been taboo for too long.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-aid-awkwardness-sex.html
**Researchers nurture periwinkles in lab for first time, look toward new aquaculture business**
Researchers have succeeded in nurturing a small snail called periwinkles in the laboratory for the very first time and are hoping that this French delicacy might be the launch pad for a new, Norwegian aquaculture business.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-nurture-periwinkles-lab-aquaculture-business.html
**Genomic insights into the past and future of the black rhinoceros**
The iconic African black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) faces an uncertain future after intense poaching caused a 98% decline in wild populations from 1960 to 1995. While numbers are currently increasing, the animal remains critically endangered.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-genomic-insights-future-black-rhinoceros.html
**Scientists probe the source of key hydrocarbons on Earth—and in space**
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a type of organic molecule that carry fused rings made of the chemical benzene. Scientists believe that PAHs are responsible for chemical processes that eventually lead to soot and other carbonaceous nanoparticles on Earth and around and between the stars in deep space. On Earth, PAHs form in part because of the incomplete combustion of coal, oil, and other substances and are detrimental to human health.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-scientists-probe-source-key-hydrocarbons.html
**Vocal learning in starlings linked to problem solving skills and brain size**
The European starling boasts a remarkable repertoire. Versatile songbirds that learn warbles, whistles, calls, and songs throughout their lives, starlings rank among the most advanced avian vocal learners. Now a new study published in Science finds that starlings, along with other complex vocal learners, are also superior problem solvers.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-vocal-starlings-linked-problem-skills.html
**How hard will Hurricane Lee hit New England? The cold North Atlantic may decide that**
New England is known for its fickle weather, powerful nor'easters and blizzards. Destructive hurricanes, however, are relatively rare and typically don't pack the same punch as tropical cyclones that hit the Southeast.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-hard-hurricane-lee-england-cold.html
**Africa Climate Week advances tree restoration pledges but a big seed shortage remains**
If you are going to restore 24 million hectares of degraded land, a lot of things need to go right. Sub-Saharan countries Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana and Kenya plan to have that much land on track to being restored by 2030. While several components of the plan are in place, many others are not. Perhaps the most pressing is how to source and plant enough material from native tree species—seeds, seedlings and other material like cuttings.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-africa-climate-week-advances-tree.html
**Worse results and more drop-outs recorded when teaching is in English, Swedish study finds**
Using English as the language of instruction in higher education has a marked negative impact on learning outcomes when it is not the students' first language, according to a new study from KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-worse-results-drop-outs-english-swedish.html
**How Europe's forests regenerate—without any human interference**
Yannek Käber, a doctoral student in the Professorship of Forest Ecology at ETH Zurich, and his colleagues from ETH and WSL together with the European Forest Research Initiative (EuFoRIa), have taken a look at regeneration in protected European forests for the first time.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-europe-forests-regeneratewithout-human.html
**How to say 'jumping ants' in Uchinaaguchi**
Recent publication of OIST research findings in the journal Integrative Organismal Biology likely marks the first use of Uchinaaguchi, the indigenous Okinawan language, in a scientific research publication. OIST researchers and staff translated an abstract of the paper entitled, "Parallel and Divergent Morphological Adaptations Underlying the Evolution of Jumping Ability in Ants" into this endangered language.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-ants-uchinaaguchi.html
**Sentinel-1 reveals shifts from Morocco earthquake**
Following the devastating earthquake that struck Morocco on 8 September, satellite data have been made available through the International Charter "Space and Major Disasters" to help emergency response teams on the ground.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-sentinel-reveals-shifts-morocco-earthquake.html
**Long-lived lakes as a driving force behind the evolution of freshwater snails**
In long-lived lakes that existed for millions of years freshwater snails developed a particularly high diversity of species. A new study by SNSB paleobiologist Thomas A. Neubauer now shows the importance of these ecosystems for the evolution of freshwater snails on a global and deep-time scale.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-long-lived-lakes-evolution-freshwater-snails.html
**Customizing nanoelectronic sensors for the detection of viral antigens**
The outbreak of the COVID pandemic in 2020 has once again shown how important reliable and rapid detection methods are to initiate effective measures to combat a pandemic. Scientists from the Chair of Materials Science and Nanotechnology at TU Dresden (TUD) have made considerable progress in the development of highly innovative solutions for the detection of viral pathogens in two studies they presented recently.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-customizing-nanoelectronic-sensors-viral-antigens.html
**Climate change is undermining nearly all sustainable development goals, says report**
At the half-time point of the 2030 Agenda, the science is clear—the planet is far off track from meeting its climate goals. This undermines global efforts to tackle hunger, poverty and ill-health, improve access to clean water and energy and many other aspects of sustainable development, according to a new multi-agency report coordinated by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-climate-undermining-sustainable-goals.html
**Revealing the secrets of protein evolution using the AlphaFold database**
By developing an efficient way to compare all predicted protein structures in the AlphaFold database, researchers have revealed similarities between proteins across different species. This work aids our understanding of protein evolution and has uncovered new insights into the origin of human immunity proteins.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-revealing-secrets-protein-evolution-alphafold.html
**Majority rule in complex mixtures: Study identifies new mechanism for control of phase separation**
The very first life on Earth is thought to have developed from "protocells"—liquid mixtures of many different types of molecules. Researchers from the University of Göttingen have now shown that in such mixtures, small imbalances in the number of molecules of different types can have an unexpected effect.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-majority-complex-mixtures-mechanism-phase.html
**New research reveals why and when the Sahara Desert was green**
A pioneering study has shed new light on North African humid periods that have occurred over the past 800,000 years and explains why the Sahara Desert was periodically green.
https://phys.org/news/2023-09-reveals-sahara-green.html
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