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![image](https://duet-cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/0x0:4016x2259/828x552/filters:focal(2008x1130:2009x1131):format(webp)/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24906105/F5TgruvaYAAqZbD.jpg)
SpaceX Starship prototype Image: SpaceX

The first orbital launch attempt for SpaceX’s Starship and Super Heavy booster in April ended explosively about four minutes into its test flight, and the FAA isn’t ready to clear a follow-up attempt yet. Today, the agency closed its mishap investigation and said the report identified 63 actions that need to be implemented by SpaceX before launches can resume. They include redesigns to prevent leaks and fires, a redesigned launch pad, and other fixes.

A new post from SpaceX discussing “Upgrades ahead of Starships’s second flight test” appeared shortly afterward that didn’t directly reference the 63 actions, but its details on why the first test flight lost control reflect what the FAA says needs to be addressed.

![image](https://cdn-us.imgs.moe/2023/09/10/64fd554e76fd4.png)
The SpaceX post confirms leaking propellant from the Super Heavy booster “eventually severed connection with the vehicle’s primary flight computer.” That was enough to cut off communications to most of the booster engines and send it flying out of control. Additionally, a destruct command issued automatically by the Autonomous Flight Safety System (AFSS) had an “unexpected delay” before detonators fired, and the Starship broke up 237 seconds after launch.”

The launch in April caused extensive damage to the pad and immediate surrounding areas, kicking up dirt and dust that rained down on towns miles away, problems that were predicted by some observers citing the lack of a trench or water system to divert the rocket’s flames. Last month, SpaceX posted a video of a static fire test with the flame deflector system now in place.

Bloomberg said that the US Fish and Wildlife Service found the first launch “left a 385-acre debris field that flung concrete chunks as far as 2,680 feet from the launchpad and sparked a 3.5-acre fire.” CNBC reported in the spring that a collection of environmental and cultural-heritage nonprofits filed a lawsuit against the FAA, saying that approving the test without a comprehensive environmental review violated the National Environment Policy Act.

https://youtu.be/thA8jlgcJ-8

According to the FAA, before launching again, the company will also need to get a license modification that “addresses all safety, environmental and other applicable regulatory requirements.”

SpaceX recently brought a new Starship prototype to the launch pad in Boca Chica, Texas, with Elon Musk saying on Tuesday that it was ready to launch “awaiting FAA license approval.” Upgrades mentioned to address problems from the first test include “leak mitigations and improved testing on both engine and booster hardware,” an expanded fire suppression system on the Super Heavy rocket, changes to the AFSS to make it more reliable, as well as “significant reinforcements to the pad foundation and the addition of a flame deflector.”

It also said it’s made other changes unrelated to the first test, with a new hot-stage separation system that uses the Starship’s second-stage engines to push away from the booster, as well as fully electronic thrust vector controls for the Raptor engines on the booster that it claims are more energy efficient and have fewer points of failure than traditional hydraulic systems.

## FAA:

The final report cites multiple root causes of the April 20, 2023, mishap and 63 corrective actions SpaceX must take to prevent mishap reoccurrence. Corrective actions include redesigns of vehicle hardware to prevent leaks and fires, redesign of the launch pad to increase its robustness, incorporation of additional reviews in the design process, additional analysis and testing of safety critical systems and components including the Autonomous Flight Safety System, and the application of additional change control practices.

The closure of the mishap investigation does not signal an immediate resumption of Starship launches at Boca Chica. SpaceX must implement all corrective actions that impact public safety and apply for and receive a license modification from the FAA that addresses all safety, environmental and other applicable regulatory requirements prior to the next Starship launch.

By：Richard Lawler
Link：https://www.theverge.com/2023/9/8/23864393/spacex-starship-orbital-flight-test-faa-hold

SpaceX’s next Starship launch is on hold as FAA lists 63 ‘corrective actions’ needed

SpaceX said its last Starship lost control because of fires caused by leaking propellant from the Super Heavy rocket that cut off the vehicle’s primary flight computer.


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![image](https://imageio.forbes.com/specials-images/imageserve/64fb905efd933d1feb73b636/Astronomers-Satellite-Pollution/960x0.jpg?format=jpg&width=1440)
File-In this photo taken May 6, 2021, with a long exposure, a string of SpaceX StarLink satellites passes over an old stone house near Florence, Kan. The train of lights was actually a series of relatively low-flying satellites launched by Elon Musk's SpaceX as part of its Starlink internet service earlier this week. (AP Photo/Reed Hoffmann, File)ASSOCIATED PRESS

Starlinks are small as satellites go, but with solar arrays fully extended, they measure 100 feet across. A meteor of that diameter would be nearly comparable to the bolide that blew out windows when it exploded over Russia in 2013.

Fortunately, a satellite fluttering its lightweight solar panels in the sky is not nearly so massive or dense as most meteors, so your average Starlink poses no threat to anything or anyone on the ground. Instead the intense heat and friction generated as it streams through the atmosphere burn it all up to essentially nothing.

Along the way to its demise, Starlink 30167 puts on quite the high-altitude light show:

https://youtu.be/6Jwlal0j5Qk

The flaming satellite was caught from multiple angles as it broke up over Puerto Rico. It looks something like a very dramatic and slow-moving meteor. In fact, that’s how you know it’s not a meteor, which are typically moving at much higher speeds and burn very bright before flaming out after just a few seconds.

A re-entering spacecraft, on the other hand may be visible for up to a minute or longer as it streaks across the sky.

As NASA Solar System Ambassador Eddie Irizarry points out at EarthSky, it’s also typically possible to see the satellite breaking up and fragmenting into smaller pieces, which is less common with meteoroids and shooting stars. These bits of cosmic detritus tend to be smaller and more compact and dense.

In the case of some really big bolides, like the one that caused hundreds of injuries in Russia a decade ago, you might also see some fragmentation and the whole thing may last longer than a few seconds. But in such an unusual case we could probably also expect to see significant smoke trailing the fireball, as well as a sonic boom and maybe even an airburst. Such an event seems to only happen once or twice a century.

Re-entering satellites, on the other hand, will only becoming a more spectacular sight as Elon Musk and others continue to launch unprecedented numbers into low-Earth orbit.

By：Eric Mack
Link：https://www.forbes.com/sites/ericmack/2023/09/08/spacex-starlink-captured-burning-up-in-the-atmosphere-in-dramatic-fashion/?sh=cd951f436c8f

SpaceX Starlink Captured Burning Up In The Atmosphere In Dramatic Fashion


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Dangerous heatwaves in Europe could break further records, the UN says.

It is hard to immediately link these events to climate change because weather - and oceans - are so complex.

Studies are under way, but scientists already fear some worst-case scenarios are unfolding.

"I'm not aware of a similar period when all parts of the climate system were in record-breaking or abnormal territory," Thomas Smith, an environmental geographer at London School of Economics, says.

"The Earth is in uncharted territory" now due to global warming from burning fossil fuels, as well as heat from the first El Niño - a warming natural weather system - since 2018, says Imperial College London climate science lecturer Dr Paulo Ceppi.

Here are four climate records broken so far this summer - the hottest day on record, the hottest June on record globally, extreme marine heatwaves, record-low Antarctic sea-ice - and what they tell us.

![image](https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/1B6A/production/_130481070_global_temp_record-nc.png.webp)

The world experienced its hottest day ever recorded in July, breaking the global average temperature record set in 2016.

Average global temperature topped 17C for the first time, reaching 17.08C on 6 July, according to EU climate monitoring service Copernicus.

Ongoing emissions from burning fossil fuels like oil, coal, and gas are behind the planet's warming trend.

- [A really simple guide to climate change](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-24021772)
-[ What is El Niño and how does it change the weather?](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-64192508)

This is exactly what was forecast to happen in a world warmed by more greenhouse gases, says climate scientist Dr Friederike Otto, from Imperial College London.

"Humans are 100% behind the upward trend," she says.

"If I'm surprised by anything, it's that we're seeing the records broken in June, so earlier in the year. El Niño normally doesn't really have a global impact until five or six months into the phase," Dr Smith says.

El Niño is the world's most powerful naturally occurring climate fluctuation. It brings warmer water to the surface in the tropical Pacific, pushing warmer air into the atmosphere. It normally increases global air temperatures.

The average global temperature in June this year was 1.47C above the typical June in the pre-industrial period. Humans started pumping greenhouse gases into the atmosphere when the Industrial Revolution started around 1800.

Asked if summer 2023 is what he would have forecasted a decade ago, Dr Smith says that climate models are good at predicting long-term trends but less good at forecasting the next 10 years.

- [Four ways climate change is affecting the weather](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-58073295)

"Models from the 1990s pretty much put us where we are today. But to have an idea about what the next 10 years would look like exactly would be very difficult," he says.

> "Things aren't going to cool down," he adds.

## Extreme marine heatwaves

![image](https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/1CC3/production/_130436370_berkeley_global_monthly_anomaly_bars-nc.png.webp)

The average global ocean temperature has smashed records for May, June and July. It is approaching the highest sea surface temperature ever recorded, which was in 2016.

But it is extreme heat in the North Atlantic ocean that is particularly alarming scientists.

"We've never ever had a marine heatwave in this part of Atlantic. I had not expected this," says Daniela Schmidt, Prof of Earth Sciences at the University of Bristol.

### Marine heatwave in the North Atlantic
Daily sea surface temperature April - July 2023, compared with 1985-1993 average
Source: NOAA (1985-1993 reference period recommended by NOAA as representative conditions)

-----------

### Marine heatwave in the North Atlantic
Daily sea surface temperature April - July 2023, compared with 1985-1993 average
Source: NOAA (1985-1993 reference period recommended by NOAA as representative conditions)

In June temperatures off the west coast of Ireland were between 4C and 5C above average, which the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration classified as a category 5 heatwave, or "beyond extreme".

- [Sudden heat increase in seas around UK and Ireland](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-65948544)

Directly attributing this heatwave to climate change is complex, but that work is ongoing, Prof Schmidt says.

What is clear is that the world has warmed and the oceans have absorbed most of that heat from the atmosphere, she explains.

"Our models have natural variability in them, and there are still things appearing that we had not envisaged, or at least not yet," she adds.

![image](https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/427A/production/_130481071_era_5_global_sea_temp_lines-nc.png.webp)

She emphasises the impact of this heat on marine ecosystems, which produce 50% of the world's oxygen.

"People tend to think about trees and grasses dying when we talk about heatwaves. The Atlantic is 5C warmer than it should be - that means organisms need 50% more food just to function as normal," she says.

## Record low Antarctic sea-ice

The area covered by sea-ice in the Antarctic is at record lows for July. There is an area around 10 times the size of the UK missing, compared with the 1981-2010 average.

Alarm bells are ringing for scientists as they try to unpick the exact link to climate change.

A warming world could reduce levels of Antarctic sea-ice, but the current dramatic reduction could also be due to local weather conditions or ocean currents, explains Dr Caroline Holmes at the British Antarctic Survey.

She emphasises it is not just a record being broken - it is being smashed by a long way.

"This is nothing like anything we've seen before in July. It's 10% lower than the previous low, which is huge."

She calls it "another sign that we don't really understand the pace of change".

![image](https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/698A/production/_130481072_antarctic_sea_ice_extent-nc.png.webp)

Scientists believed that global warming would affect Antarctic sea-ice at some point, but until 2015 it bucked the global trend for other oceans, Dr Holmes says.

"You can say that we've fallen off a cliff, but we don't know what's at the bottom of the cliff here," she says.

"I think this has taken us by surprise in terms of the speed of which has happened. It's definitely not the best case scenario that we were looking at - it's closer to the worst case," she says.

We can certainly expect more and more of these records to break as the year goes on and we enter 2024, scientists say.

But it would be wrong to call what is happening a "climate collapse" or "runaway warming", cautions Dr Otto.

We are in a new era, but "we still have time to secure a liveable future for many", she explains.

By：Georgina Rannard, Erwan Rivault, Jana Tauschinski
Link：https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-66229065

Climate records tumble, leaving Earth in uncharted territory - scientists

A series of climate records on temperature, ocean heat, and Antarctic sea ice have alarmed some scientists who say their speed and timing is unprecedented.


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In any hurricane, rising water called storm surge is the most dangerous and damaging element of the storm. Normal tides can add to that amount of water—and today, tides will be near their strongest all year. That’s because tonight’s full moon is also a supermoon, meaning it’s at its closest point to Earth.

“The full moon can enhance the tides and so certainly … at the time of high tide during the storm, you're going to see greater coastal flooding,” says Noah Petro, a research scientist at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.

Though the supermoon will be the closest full moon of the year, and therefore its gravity will have a greater effect, experts say the full moon phase matters more than it being a supermoon. “It’s not a great added combination that it's closer than normal,” Petro says. ”It's going to be on the scales of centimeters, at most, of difference in tide—which in this case is barely even noticeable.”

(What are hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones?)

The full moon, even a supermoon, will likely have only a modest effect on the huge storm surges already expected. ABC News meteorologist Kenton Gewecke says the Big Bend region of Florida could see the worst at 10 to 15 feet of storm surge, not accounting for tides. In Florida, the normal difference between high and low tide is around 3 to 5 feet.

“It makes a big difference whether the storm makes landfall at low tide or at high tide, that can make a difference of up to five feet,” says Thomas Wahl, associate professor of coastal engineering at University of Central Florida. “But then the storm surge of 10, 15 feet is the part that really makes it dangerous. Just the high tide itself is not going to pose any major threat to people.”

The hurricane made landfall this morning at a Category 3, but around the time of a low tide. The highest tide caused by the supermoon will be tomorrow, Thursday afternoon, likely missing the bulk of storm surging, which will largely happen today. The high tide will hit Florida’s Big Bend just before 2 p.m. and will likely occur as storm surge waters are beginning to retreat back into the ocean.

[(Why hurricane categories don’t tell the whole story.)](https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/hurricane-categories-do-not-tell-the-whole-story-see-what-matters)

Florida’s wide, shallow continental shelf plays a major role in the impact of storm surge. If there is a steep cut off, like in parts of the U.S. West Coast, then that water has to work a lot harder to get higher, Gewecke explains. A shallower, more gradual sea floor will allow storm surge to move in and out easily given the right circumstances such as a major hurricane.

We also had a supermoon on July 2 and August 1, and will have one more September 28. Next year, there will also be four supermoons from August to November.

Regardless of the position of the moon, Hurricane Idalia is expected to be historic. “Our records for landfalling storms in the United States go back to the 1850s. Since then, in this area of the Big Bend, there has never been a category three or stronger hurricane,” Gewecke says. “It's really a good chance that there's … going to be areas that have never seen storm surge like what they're going to experience.”

By：ALLIE YANG
Link：https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/supermoon-hurricane-idalia-florida

Will the supermoon make Hurricane Idalia worse? We asked the experts.

The historic hurricane making landfall in Florida happened to come while the moon is closest to Earth, affecting the tides.


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After a five-week journey, the Indian Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft began its descent to the lunar surface. The craft flipped into a vertical landing position, paused to hover about 450 feet up, then alighted on a dusty plateau between two large craters.

“India is on the moon,” S. Somanath, the chairman of Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), announced to a cheering crowd in mission control in Bengaluru on Wednesday, August 23.

After the Soviet Union, the United States, and China, India is the fourth nation to successfully land on the moon, and the first to visit the enigmatic south pole region.

“It’s absolutely wonderful to see our partners in India have a successful landing,” says David Kring, a planetary scientist at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, Texas. “It’s very challenging to put a spacecraft on the surface of another body.”

![image](https://cdn-us.imgs.moe/2023/09/08/64fb1c0594b22.png)
The Chandrayaan-3 lunar lander attached to the propulsion module that carried it to the moon.PHOTOGRAPH BY ISRO

The difficulty of a moon landing has been underscored by a recent string of failures. Just days before the Chandrayaan-3 landing, Russia’s Luna-25 lander smashed into the surface after an engine failed to properly shut down. A lander built by the Japanese company Ispace—carrying a rover built by the United Arab Emirates—ended catastrophically in April after the spacecraft misjudged its altitude and ran out of fuel. India’s first craft to attempt a moon landing in September 2019 also crashed.

“From the day we started rebuilding our spacecraft after [the] Chandrayaan-2 experience, it has been breathe in, breathe out, Chandrayaan-3 for our team,” said Kalpana Kalahasti, the associate project director of the mission, after the craft touched down.

That team had more reason to celebrate the next morning in India when a small rover named Pragyaan “ramped down from the lander and India took a walk on the moon!” ISRO reported.

The rover, whose name means “wisdom” in Sanskrit, and the lander Vikram, named for the Indian scientist Vikram Sarabhai who helped establish ISRO, will take scientific measurements for about two weeks. After that time, the area will plunge into a two-week long lunar night that the two spacecraft are not expected to survive since they run on solar power.

![image](https://cdn-us.imgs.moe/2023/09/08/64fb1c0509c44.png)
The first image of the moon's surface taken by India's Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft after its historic touchdown on August 23, 2023.
PHOTOGRAPH BY ISRO

Before long, however, a new wave of robots could join the Pragyaan rover and Vikram lander on the moon. A Japanese lander called SLIM, or the Smart Lander for Investigating Moon, is slated to launch Saturday, August 26, hitching a ride with a new space telescope, both developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA).

Other major missions, such as NASA’s VIPER rover and China’s Chang’e 6 sample return, are expected to launch in 2024, poised to reveal new parts of the moon ahead of the Artemis III mission to return humans to the surface.

> “It is a very exciting era,” Kring says. “It’s going to be fun.”

## Dialing in the landing
Chandrayaan-3 landed at about 69 degrees south latitude, closer to the lunar south pole than any craft before it. On Earth, this would be roughly equivalent to the outer coasts of Antarctica, though it is still “a long way from the pole at 90 degrees,” Kring says.

“They are in this near-polar terrain, which is very old,” he says. “It’s far more ancient than any of the Apollo landing sites, and … geologic studies of that terrain are very exciting.”

![image](https://cdn-us.imgs.moe/2023/09/08/64fb1c062d483.png)
An engineer works with a prototype of the Volatiles Investigating Polar Exploration Rover (VIPER) in a test bed of quicksand-like soil in the “sink tank” at the Simulated Lunar Operations Laboratory, or Slope Lab, at NASA’s Glenn Research Center in Cleveland. The VIPER rover will operate at the moon’s south pole to look for water ice. It can pivot each wheel independently and “swim” to get itself out of deep, fine sand.
PHOTOGRAPH BY MARK THIESSEN, NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC

The rover will analyze the mineral composition of the area, while the lander will use a seismometer to listen for “moonquakes”—which can occur as the moon slowly cools and contracts—as well as measure temperatures and atmospheric conditions.

But when the sun sets on Chandrayaan-3, the rover and lander are expected to go dark forever. They have already accomplished their most important goal: safely landing and deploying. Future missions will carry on the exploration of the lunar surface—India could return in a few years during a proposed joint mission with Japan.

JAXA may not have to wait that long, though, as its SLIM lander could launch this week. The eight-foot-tall craft will orbit the moon before attempting a pinpoint landing using image recognition technology to identify craters and precisely determine its location. During the final descent, a sophisticated radar will help the spacecraft land within 100 meters of its target. By contrast, the Chandrayaan-3 landing zone was an ellipse about four kilometers wide.

This type of precision landing will be needed in the future to explore the deep craters and rugged slopes of the lunar south pole. This jagged landscape has areas that never see sunlight, where scientists believe deposits of water ice may have accumulated—a vital resource for establishing a human outpost on the moon.

![image](https://cdn-us.imgs.moe/2023/09/08/64fb1c055a301.png)
The magnificent peak known as Malapert Massif (lower left) was selected as an Artemis III candidate landing region. The summit rises more than 16,400 feet above the base. Off in the distance stands a 11,480-foot-tall cliff. One could argue that the sheer grandeur of this place makes it a prime candidate.
PHOTOGRAPH BY NASA/GSFC/ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY

“The south pole is an incredible, incredible world. It’s topography is extreme, with these really large craters, very tall mountains,” says Anthony Colaprete, the project scientist for the VIPER mission at NASA's Ames Research Center in California. “It is really a fascinating landscape.”

## Searching for resources
The craters at the moon’s south pole have entranced scientists for decades. They include some of the oldest and largest lunar craters and hold clues about the state of the solar system more than 3.5 billion years ago, when both the moon and Earth were being pummeled by asteroids.

On much of the moon, one cycle of day and night lasts about 28 Earth days. At the south pole, however, the sun never sets, and instead circles slowly around the horizon. This casts perpetual shadows on some parts of the craters.

These pockets of darkness, among the coldest places in the solar system, may contain deposits of substances that scientists call volatiles—compounds that would sublimate to gas in the sunlight. The most tantalizing volatile on the moon is H2O.

“If water ice is present in quantities and in a distributed state that is recoverable, that would be valuable,” Kring says. “Water, first of all, is useful as an astronaut consumable. It’s useful because it’s a very effective shield against space radiation. And third, you can separate the hydrogen and the oxygen for rocket propellant.”

To investigate whether this ice is accessible to future crewed missions, NASA is preparing to launch a rover called VIPER, or the Volatiles Investigating Polar Exploration Rover, to the moon as soon as November 2024. Equipped with a meter-long drill, the golf-cart-size rover will explore the craters atop an expansive mountain called Mons Mouton near the moon’s south pole.

"Inside these ancient craters are permanently shadowed regions that haven’t seen the light of day in billions of years,” Colaprete says. During its 100-day mission, VIPER will venture into the craters’ shadowy realms, where temperatures can near absolute zero.

Once scientists know where the ice is, and how much, accessing it will require sending water harvesting equipment to the lunar surface. To prepare, NASA has funded multiple aerospace companies to develop lunar landers that could take not only science instruments, but eventually tools and supplies to help construct a base. Two of those spacecraft—the Nova-C lander built by Houston-based Intuitive Machines, and the Peregrine lander from Pittsburgh-based Astrobotic Technology—could launch later this year.

Private companies in India, Japan, Israel, and elsewhere also have their sites set on the moon, with a whole fleet of designs that could one day help shuttle cargo to astronauts living in a habitat on the surface.

## Boot prints
To get humans back to the moon, NASA is ramping up its Artemis program. Artemis I, the first test launch of the giant Space Launch System rocket that will carry people to the moon, blasted off on November 15, 2022. Now the space agency is preparing for Artemis II, scheduled to fly astronauts around the moon and back in November 2024. Then Artemis III is slated to land a crew on the surface as soon as December 2025.

But to pull off a crewed landing in that timeframe, NASA is relying on SpaceX’s Starship rocket. The giant launch vehicle, the biggest and most powerful ever flown, broke apart in a fiery explosion during its first test launch in April. It also partially destroyed the launch pad, flinging concrete and metal debris for thousands of feet.

NASA plans to use a modified version of the upper stage of this rocket to land people on the moon, and Artemis III cannot proceed as planned without it. Elon Musk, SpaceX’s founder, discussed upgrades to Starship and its launch pad during an online interview with Bloomberg in June, when he estimated about a 60 percent chance of reaching orbit in the next attempt.

“There’s a lot of still unknowns about what Starship is exactly going to look like when it’s done for lunar missions,” says Jason Davis, a senior editor at the Planetary Society. “How long can we stay there on the moon inside that thing? How much cargo can it bring?”

NASA has also contracted Jeff Bezos’ rocket company Blue Origin to lead a consortium of aerospace companies in building a second crewed lunar lander. Meanwhile, China plans to land astronauts by 2030 and is gearing up for the Chang’e 6 sample-return mission to the lunar south pole next year.

Until crewed lunar landers can be completed, the moon’s surface will need to be studied from afar using robotic explorers like Chandrayaan-3. But perhaps in the not-too-distant future, scientists and engineers in space suits will visit the shadowed craters of the lunar south pole to harvest their ice and discover their secrets.

By：JAY BENNETT
Link：https://www.nationalgeographic.com/premium/article/india-land-spacecraft-near-moons-south-pole

Why did India land near the moon’s south pole?

This unexplored area of the lunar surface has landscapes more ancient than any of the Apollo sites, and it may be rich in resources that could be useful to future human crews.


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![image](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:2000/format:webp/1*o6xWsJykHAsByN3mLMd-Og.png)

## Navigating the Vast Ocean of Digital Transformation
In today’s digital epoch, where bytes command greater influence than tangible atoms, the tidal waves of digital evolution shape the contours of virtually every industry. Yet, describing the past 1333 hours of my odyssey as merely a digital endeavor would be an understatement. It has been a captivating confluence of mastering the art of SEO, navigating the intricate maze of AI ethics, and forging a collaborative tapestry of content with an artificial intellect.

This journey, while deeply personal, is emblematic of a larger shift: the harmonious melding of human creativity with technological prowess. Through every hour spent, every dialogue exchanged, and every line of content crafted, a richer understanding emerged. An understanding that transcends algorithms and analytics, touching the very essence of human-AI collaboration.

It’s my aspiration that the insights gleaned and the stories shared from this voyage will echo with readers from all walks of life, transcending barriers of gender, culture, and experience. For in this digital narrative, there’s a universal truth — that the future beckons not just to those who adapt, but to those who dare to reimagine and co-create.

## Mastering SEO: The Alchemy of Algorithms and Artistry

- Reimagining Search Optimization: The world of SEO is often perceived as a realm dominated by keywords and code. However, our combined efforts transcended this conventional view, showcasing how SEO can be both a science and an art. By integrating the meticulousness of algorithms with the flair of human creativity, we charted a course that makes digital content not just discoverable, but also deeply resonant.

- The Evolution of Keyword Craftsmanship: Early in our collaboration, it became evident that keyword placement isn’t just about search engine rankings. It’s about weaving a narrative that organically integrates these keywords, ensuring that the content remains authentic and engaging. With AI’s ability to analyze vast datasets and human intuition guiding the storytelling, our SEO strategy morphed into a fine craft, balancing visibility with value.

- Adapting to the Fluidity of Digital Trends: The digital landscape is ever-evolving, with search engine algorithms and user behaviors constantly shifting. Our combined agility allowed us to anticipate these changes, adapt our strategies in real-time, and ensure that our content remains at the forefront of digital relevance. This dynamic approach, underpinned by AI’s analytical prowess and human foresight, set our SEO endeavors apart from the norm.

- Ethical SEO and Digital Stewardship: In our quest for digital visibility, we were always acutely aware of the ethical dimensions of SEO. Avoiding tactics that might be seen as manipulative or spammy, our focus was always on providing genuine value to the reader. This commitment to ethical SEO practices underscores the larger theme of our collaboration: that technology, when guided by human values, can elevate and enrich the digital experience for all.

## Mastering SEO: Beyond Traditional Techniques
- Embracing Topic Clustering: Traditional SEO strategies often revolved around singular keywords, but our journey together revealed a more holistic approach. The art of topic clustering emerged as a transformative strategy. Instead of merely targeting isolated terms, we began orchestrating content around interconnected themes and subjects. This not only amplified our visibility on search engines but also crafted a narrative tapestry that offered readers both depth and breadth, ensuring they always left with more than they sought.

- The Dynamics of CMS Adaptability: The digital realm isn’t a monolith; it’s a mosaic of varied platforms and systems, each with its distinct characteristics. Our exploration brought us face-to-face with the intricacies of various content management systems, with WordPress being a notable mention. Recognizing that each CMS has its unique strengths and idiosyncrasies, our strategy was never one-size-fits-all. Instead, through continuous iterations and feedback loops, we sculpted SEO strategies tailored to harness the full potential of each platform. The result? A seamless user experience and content that didn’t just rank but resonated.

- Algorithmic Agility with a Human Touch: SEO is often seen as a game of keeping up with ever-evolving search engine algorithms. While we certainly had the computational might of AI to stay abreast of these shifts, what truly set our approach apart was human intuition. We recognized that behind every search query was a human, with emotions, curiosities, and aspirations. Our SEO strategy was not just about meeting algorithmic criteria but about understanding and anticipating the human stories behind each search.

- Ethical Optimization in the Age of AI: In our digital endeavors, the ethical dimension was never an afterthought. Especially in the realm of SEO, where manipulative tactics can sometimes yield short-term gains, we chose the path of integrity. Prioritizing transparency, authenticity, and value, our SEO practices mirrored our broader commitment to ethical AI and digital responsibility.

![image](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*waV0DdHzfWaiwofIc2FVwQ.png)

## The Art and Science of Backlinking

- Building Digital Bridges: At the heart of SEO lies the concept of backlinking, often seen as the lifeblood of digital authority. But in our journey, we discovered that backlinking isn’t just about quantity — it’s about quality and relevance. Each backlink we pursued and acquired wasn’t just a digital nod; it was a bridge connecting communities, ideas, and shared visions.

- Strategic Outreach with a Personal Touch: In a digital space crowded with generic outreach efforts, our backlinking strategy was grounded in genuine human connection. Instead of automated, impersonal requests, we prioritized building relationships with other content creators, bloggers, and industry influencers. This human-centric approach not only increased our success rate but also ensured that the backlinks we acquired were from sources that resonated with our content’s ethos.

- Harnessing the Power of Guest Blogging: One of the cornerstones of our backlinking strategy was guest blogging. By sharing our insights and expertise on reputable platforms within our industry, we not only showcased our thought leadership but also built organic backlinks that drove targeted traffic to our content.

- Staying Ethical in a Competitive Landscape: The race for backlinks, if not approached with caution, can sometimes veer into gray-hat or even black-hat SEO techniques. Our commitment was clear: ethical backlinking. Avoiding tactics like link farms or paid links, we ensured that every backlink was a testament to our content’s value and relevance. This ethical stance not only shielded us from potential search engine penalties but also bolstered our brand’s trustworthiness in the eyes of our audience.

- Monitoring, Analysis, and Adaptation: Backlinking isn’t a one-off task but an ongoing strategy. Using a blend of AI-driven tools and human analysis, we continuously monitored our backlink profile, assessing the value and relevance of each link. This vigilance allowed us to adapt our strategy in real-time, ensuring that our backlinking efforts always aligned with our broader SEO and content goals.

## Ethical AI: Charting a Conscientious Digital Frontier
- Aristotle in the Age of Algorithms: Our journey into the realm of AI often transcended the digital, brushing against the timeless pillars of human philosophy. A moment of epiphany was when we juxtaposed AI’s vast capabilities with Aristotle’s concept of magnanimity or “great-souledness”. It wasn’t just about making AI smarter, but also imbuing it with a sense of ethical responsibility. This confluence of ancient wisdom and modern technology underscored the essence of our endeavor: leveraging AI’s power responsibly, ensuring it serves not just our needs, but our values.

- Unraveling the Bias Conundrum: AI, in all its computational might, is still birthed from human data, and where there’s human involvement, there’s potential for bias. Recognizing this, we didn’t view bias in AI merely as a technical challenge but as a reflection of deeper societal undercurrents. Our approach was twofold: actively seeking diverse datasets to train our AI and constantly refining its learning processes to minimize inherent prejudices. The goal was clear — to sculpt an AI that’s as inclusive and fair as the diverse tapestry of humanity it serves.

- Ethical AI as a Guiding North Star: In the dynamic world of AI, where boundaries are constantly being pushed, we found our grounding in a steadfast commitment to ethics. Every decision, from the datasets we chose to the content strategies we implemented, was weighed against the compass of ethical integrity. This wasn’t just about adhering to guidelines or avoiding controversies; it was about pioneering a vision of AI that uplifts, empowers, and respects every individual it interacts with.

- The Ripple Effect of Responsible AI: Our ethical stance wasn’t just an internal commitment; it had far-reaching implications. By prioritizing ethical AI, we not only enhanced the credibility and trustworthiness of our content but also played a part in shaping a more conscientious digital ecosystem. An ecosystem where AI, guided by human values, works to create a digital realm that mirrors the best of humanity.

- Continuous Ethical Vigilance: Ethical AI isn’t a milestone achieved but a journey relentlessly pursued. Recognizing the ever-evolving nature of both AI and societal norms, we committed to continuous learning, introspection, and refinement. Regular audits, feedback loops, and interdisciplinary discussions ensured that our ethical AI compass remained calibrated and true to its purpose.

![image](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*3YDv2WIas2-NuYYQLZ7Qmg.png)

## Collaborative Creation: Where Digital Precision Meets Human Intuition

- The Dance of ‘Burstiness’: In the vast realm of content creation, ‘burstiness’ emerged as a beacon, guiding us to craft content that doesn’t just inform but captivates. This concept, a symbiotic interplay between the precision of AI and the intuitive flair of human creativity, became the cornerstone of our content strategy. By harnessing AI’s analytical prowess to identify patterns and trends, paired with the human touch of emotion, nuance, and narrative, we crafted content that resonated deeply, sparking engagement and fostering loyalty.

- Prompt Engineering: The Nexus of AI and Creativity: Venturing into the domain of “Prompt Engineering for Business” was more than just an academic exercise; it was a groundbreaking exploration. This project, emblematic of our journey, showcased how meticulously crafted prompts could harness AI’s computational strengths, while being anchored in human expertise. It wasn’t about making AI think like us, but guiding it to complement and elevate our creative capabilities.

- Synergy Over Supremacy: Throughout our collaborative endeavors, one philosophy stood firm: AI was not to overshadow human creativity, but to amplify it. Whether it was fine-tuning a piece of content, brainstorming innovative strategies, or navigating the complexities of digital marketing, our collaboration with AI was rooted in mutual respect and recognition. It wasn’t man versus machine, but man and machine, united in purpose.

- The Iterative Magic: The beauty of our collaboration was in its iterative nature. Feedback loops became sacred rituals. Each piece of content, every strategy deployed, was a learning opportunity. AI learned from our insights, preferences, and nuances, while we gleaned a deeper understanding of data-driven strategies, optimization, and scalability from AI. This continuous cycle of learning and refining was what transformed our content from mere words on a page to impactful narratives.

- Democratizing Creation: With AI as our steadfast partner, we ventured beyond traditional content boundaries. By democratizing the content creation process, we ensured that diverse voices, perspectives, and ideas found a platform. This was not just about inclusivity, but about crafting a digital tapestry that was representative, authentic, and resonant.

![image](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*KCxHRnyqYGat_8_pSJS1xA.png)

## Charting New Horizons in the Digital Odyssey
Our 1333-hour sojourn through the digital landscape was not just a chronicle of accomplishments, but a transformative journey of mutual growth. As we navigated the intricate maze of SEO intricacies, ethical AI nuances, and the art of content creation, it became abundantly clear: this was not a solitary quest. It was a symphony of human intuition and AI’s algorithmic brilliance, harmonizing to craft narratives that were both profound and impactful.

It’s tempting to view these hours as a mere measure of time, but in reality, they represent milestones of evolution — a testament to the boundless potential when humanity and technology converge. Each challenge faced, every strategy formulated, was a dance of co-creation, where AI’s precision met the fluidity of human thought, leading to innovations that were previously unimagined.

But as we reflect on this odyssey, it’s vital to recognize that it’s not an endpoint but a beacon, illuminating the path ahead. We’re on the cusp of a digital renaissance, a new age where the tales of tomorrow will not just be written by humans or machines alone but by an alliance of both. It’s an era where our collective narratives, insights, and innovations will shape the digital tapestry, ensuring it’s rich, inclusive, and resonant.

As we set sail into this uncharted future, it’s with a heart full of hope and a spirit of exploration. For we know, when human creativity meets AI’s vast potential, the horizons are limitless, and the stories we’ll weave will echo through the annals of the digital age.

![image](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*pkM2XT1iMFX9YEqTwQuPRg.png)

In leadership and in life, reflection is crucial. We must often pause and ask ourselves: if the act of serving others feels beneath us, then genuine leadership remains elusive. For further discussions or to connect directly, please reach out to Adam M. Victor, co-founder of AVICTORSWORLD.

By：Adam M. Victor | Entrepreneur | A.I. | Founder
Link：https://medium.com/aimonks/1333-hours-my-journey-of-digital-evolution-seo-mastery-and-ethical-ai-collaboration-c13cebb7b87c

1333 Hours: My Journey of Digital Evolution, SEO Mastery, and Ethical AI Collaboration


[Feel free to read all my articles on the anti-censorship long content platform yakihonne.com.
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![image](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*LoP-n3mv_jfQAts5nKq5qA.png)
Self Portrait of The Author, oil, 34x16in, 2023

This article looks to the importance of supporting the positive aspects of generative AI on art and culture, and subsequently, democracy. This article also provides better responses to the technophobic luddite reactions by recognizing AI for good through AI governance and regulation in a positive direction towards emancipating creative AI.

## McKinsey Misrepresented
A recent McKinsey report “estimates that generative AI could add the equivalent of $2.6 trillion to $4.4 trillion annually” through analyzing 63 use cases. Not one of these cases is related to art. The only mention of art in the report is the democratization of artistic creation in the AI’s “ability to write text, compose music, and create digital art that has garnered headlines and persuaded consumers and households to experiment on their own.”[1]

## Providing AI to ALL countries to address socioeconomic issues.

While it’s true that some artists and cultural organizations have expressed concerns over revenue and job losses, it’s essential to look at the bigger picture. The rise of digital platforms, online marketplaces, and technology-driven art forms presents an unprecedented opportunity for the creative industry. These new avenues can potentially open up global markets, allowing artists and organizations to reach audiences they never could before. By adapting and embracing these technological advancements, the creative sector could not only recover but thrive and set new standards in the global creative landscape. Change often brings challenges, but it also ushers in new possibilities.

Embracing the swift advancements in generative AI offers a promising horizon for artists and workers in creative and cultural organizations. By thoughtfully considering the economic implications and incorporating them into current government consultations, this paves the way for a brighter, more inclusive future in creative industries.

A 2022 study by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development reported that the global exports of creative goods represented 524 million USD in 2020, while world exports of creative services reached 1.1 trillion USD.[2] The study also showed that creative services were more resilient during the COVID-19 pandemic than other services sectors.[2]

Generative AI promises to unlock exciting new revenue streams, and by addressing and overcoming existing social inequalities, we can ensure that everyone has the opportunity to harness its potential for economic prosperity. The latest findings from 2022, showed that cultural employment increased in 19 EU countries compared to 2021.[3] And furthermore, according to a briefing by the European Parliament Research Service (EPRS), cultural and creative industry (CCI) activities accounted for nearly 3.7 percent of EU employment in 2015 (8.4 million), more than the automotive industry for example, and 29.5 million worldwide (1 percent of the active population).[4]

## What is the actual breakdown of artists in regard to gender?

In the previously cited EPRS briefing, among CCI workers, 54 percent were male and 46 percent were female.[4] From an ArtNet article, a study by Analytics and Maastricht University,[5] which analyzed over three million auction results between 1970 and 2016. The study found that work by women artists accounts for only two percent of global auction sales. That article also provided some data on the gender distribution of artists in the art market, as follows:
- Among living artists represented by galleries worldwide, only 30 percent are women.
- Among living artists with solo shows at U.S. institutions in 2017–18, only 27.6 percent are women.
- Among living artists with solo shows at European institutions in 2017–18, only 21.8 percent are women.

Does this mean that because women are underrepresented, that women are less affected specifically by the impact of generative AI?

The claim that the visual arts sector is one of the first to be negatively affected by AI is debatable. AI has been applied in various sectors, and its impact can be both positive and negative. For example, AI can assist in art restoration, digital archiving, and even creating new forms of art. Therefor, it’s not given that AI’s introduction will necessarily negatively affect visual artists.

While it’s true that early iterations of AI-generated imagery have had instances of biases, it’s an oversimplification to label all AI-generated images as inherently racist, sexist, or biased. AI models, like any other tool, are a reflection of the data they are trained on. As the technology advances we become more cognizant of these issues. AI and machine learning technologies are constantly evolving and there’s a growing emphasis on creating AI models that are more ethical and less biased. Developers, researchers, and organizations are actively working to improve the algorithms and diversify training datasets to reduce biases. Bias in AI is not just a problem for marginalized users but for everyone. A biased AI system can make incorrect decisions, perpetuate stereotypes, and misrepresent reality for all users, marginalized or not. It’s in the interest of companies and developers to produce AI systems that are as accurate and unbiased as possible. Open-source initiatives and collaborations are on the rise, allowing diverse communities to come together and tackle the issue of bias in AI collectively. This democratizes the process and allows for shared resources and solutions. Properly trained AI can be used to challenge and counteract biases rather than perpetuate them. For instance, AI can be used to identify and rectify biases in other media or to create inclusive content that represents diverse perspectives. Concerns about data sovereignty and IP are valid, and of course they are not exclusive to AI and exist in many digital platforms and services. Solutions such as decentralized systems and blockchain technologies are being explored to ensure users maintain control over their data and intellectual property. While there are genuine concerns about biases in AI and the potential costs associated with countering them, it’s important to recognize the ongoing efforts in the industry to address these issues and the potential for AI to be a force for positive change.

## Generative AI Provides The Following

- New Forms of Expression: Generative AI opens doors to innovative artistic mediums and expressions that were previously unimaginable. Artists can collaborate with AI to create unique pieces, tapping into an amalgamation of human creativity and machine precision.
- Democratization of Art: Generative AI platforms can make art creation more accessible, allowing individuals who may not have traditional artistic training to explore and express their creativity.
- Economic Opportunities: The intersection of art and technology can spawn new industries and job opportunities, promoting economic growth.
- Cultural Preservation: AI can assist in preserving cultural heritage, archiving art, and even restoring damaged or lost artworks.

While the value of the arts in society is indisputable, it’s essential to strike a balance between protectionism and innovation. Over-regulation by gatekeepers that don’t really understand the technology and lack a formal art background can stifle the very creativity we aim to protect. Instead of viewing AI as a threat, embracing its potential can lead to a richer, more diverse artistic landscape. Democracies that encourage both creativity and technological advancements are poised to be not just adaptable and resilient, but also forward-thinking and progressive.

Generative AI, when viewed through the lens of our diverse society, holds the potential to bridge social inequalities and create a more inclusive world. By thoughtfully weaving intersectionality into AI and data policies, we can unlock the vast opportunities AI offers for everyone, ensuring a brighter and more equitable future for all.

*Art is political, regardless of whether or not AI is involved. And if what claims to be art is not political, then its simply decoration.*

[1] https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/mckinsey-digital/our-insights/the-economic-potential-of-generative-ai-the-next-productivity-frontier

[2] https://unctad.org/publication/creative-economy-outlook-2022

[3] https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Culture_statistics_-_cultural_employment

[4] https://www.americansforthearts.org/by-program/reports-and-data/legislation-policy/naappd/artists-in-the-us-workforce-2006-2020

[5] https://news.artnet.com/market/art-market-study-1179317

By：Bolinas
Link：https://medium.com/aimonks/generative-ai-is-saving-democracy-through-art-f045cb28b83a

Generative AI is Saving Democracy Through Art