nostr:npub1rv2szq045qcwu259xch3mqpjhea4ejycag7upd2sqqy8qmuhkcmq9gpvwv 
A) I didn't make 500 dollars via work, I produced more than that value, but the owner curtails a large chunk of it (surplus value) and keeps it as profit.
If I didn't make him more value than the wage he pays me he wouldn't have a profit, or reason to hire me.
With that said 300 is only minor part of the total value I made, and is to bs put in a pool of resources whose objective is to serve the community as whole (because it's more efficient than each paying their own, see healthcare Italy vs US).
Politicians aren't unlike board members, one elected by the populace, one by the investors, and thus bound to their electorate. The issue is that politics are influenced by capital (lobby, elector campaigns, etc...), as the wealthy have an interest to expand their markets, limiting public services and route as much money as they can towards their pockets.

Your example is also a bad one because my momey goes to the public pool of money, not directly to the pockets of someone, and can only be spent via budget allocations et all.