I don't login to any google service, but backend magic could be done to correlate identity, yes. Not so different than how browser fingerprinting works.

The secondary apps are known to the owner profile even when the user content is isolated and encrypted, so that is one point of correlation.

If IMEI/SIM is available in local variable space and to apps, then it is another conduit to fingerprinting.

For me, I am willing to make that tradeoff. If you were trying to hide from a nation state (not recommended) you'd probably want physical seperation from true name/anon usage.

Same it true with your desktop, which explains the appeal of Qubes. Just be sure you really need it before attempting to absorb the extremely significant costs of maintaing such a setup.