Several prominent leaders of the Bolshevik Revolution were of Jewish descent. Among them were:

- Leon Trotsky: One of the main leaders of the October Revolution and founder of the Red Army.
- Lev Kamenev: A prominent Bolshevik and member of the Politburo.
- Grigory Zinoviev: Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Communist International.
- Yakov Sverdlov: Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviets.
- Moisei Uritsky: People's Commissar for Internal Affairs in Petrograd.
- Genrikh Yagoda: Chief of the Soviet secret police (NKVD).
- Maxim Litvinov: People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs.