Option - contract to buy or sell something, its called an option because execution of the contract is optional and up to the owner of the contract. 
The parameters are: asset, amount, price, and expiration date.

Call - Option to buy.
 Example : Asset: BTC, Amount: 1 BTC, Price: $100,000, Expiration: 12/31/2025. The seller of the option (the writer) sells the Call Option (right to buy) to someone (the buyer). The buyer then holds the option. If the price of Bitcoin remains less than $100,000  then the buyer will not execute the option because they can just buy the BTC for less than $100,000 (the option is out of the money, OTM). If the price rises above $100k (maybe it rises to $110k) then the option becomes in the money (ITM). The buyer of the option can then choose to execute the option to buy 1 BTC for only 100k ( a $10k discount) and the writer of the contract is required to sell their coin cheaply.

Put - Option to sell.
 Example : Asset: BTC, Amount: 1 BTC, Price: $75,000, Expiration: 12/31/2025. The seller of the option (the writer) sells the Put Option (right to sell) to someone (the buyer). The buyer then holds the option. If the price of Bitcoin remains above $75,000  then the buyer will not execute the option because they can sell their BTC for more on the open market (the option is out of the money, OTM). If the price falls below $75k (maybe falls to $50k) then the option becomes in the money (ITM). The buyer of the option can then choose to execute the option to sell 1 BTC for $75k ( a $25k premium) and the writer of the contract is required to buy the coin at a premium.