Interesting life cycle analysis (LCA) for energy systems powering the planned AtLAST telescope to be installed in Chile. The key message: one can reduce the carbon footprint by an order of magnitude, at the expense of increasing mineral resource and water use. The authors propose a high-renewable system with some fossil generation (PDB or PDBH in the figure below) as the best trade-off between all environmental impacts.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373329675_Sustainable_Astronomy_A_comparative_Life_Cycle_Assessment_of_Off-grid_Hybrid_Energy_Systems_to_supply_large_Telescopes

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