Starvation is a critical concept in multithreading, where a process is continuously denied access to resources it needs to proceed, even though those resources are available. This can occur due to priority inversion, resource allocation policies, poorly designed algorithms, high resource demand, or long wait times. To avoid starvation, engineers can use Java's ReentrantLock with fairness enabled, semaphores, blocking queues, and ForkJoinPool. Operating systems also employ various techniques to prevent starvation, ensuring no process or thread is indefinitely starved for resources.

Source: https://dev.to/anwaar/multithreading-concepts-part-2-starvation-1abb