**Scientists develop a mathematical model to optimize the design of thermal protection systems for spacecraft**

Mechanics from St Petersburg University have developed a mathematical model that takes into account non-equilibrium processes occurring at high velocities in the gas flow and on the surface. This model can be used for detailed modeling of the interaction of gas with the surface of a spacecraft, which is extremely important when designing its thermal protection. The paper is published in the journal Physics of Fluids.

https://phys.org/news/2023-09-scientists-mathematical-optimize-thermal-spacecraft.html