"Element flow, particularly the flow of carbon, is central to the functioning of the Earth System ... Life on Earth is carbon-based, and so the interactions among carbon, other elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus, and the water cycle provide the basis for a dynamic, well-functioning, stable biosphere that can provide the conditions for live to flourish and, in the longer term, the capability for life to co-evolve with the geophysical components of the Earth system." Will Steffen note, 2021

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